Nickel Oxide Nanopowder (NiO NP) Bookmark
(nickel oxide nanopowder)
**What:** Nickel oxide nanopowder consists of extremely fine particles of nickel(II) oxide (NiO), typically ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers (nm) in size. This nanoscale dimension dramatically alters its properties compared to bulk nickel oxide.
**Key Properties:**
* **High Surface Area:** Massive surface area per unit mass, crucial for catalytic and sensing applications.
* **Semiconductor Behavior:** Exhibits p-type semiconducting properties with a wide band gap (~3.6-4.0 eV).
* **Catalytic Activity:** Highly effective catalyst for various chemical reactions, including fuel cell electrodes and pollutant decomposition.
* **Electrochromic:** Changes color reversibly upon electrochemical oxidation/reduction (used in smart windows).
* **Magnetic:** Exhibits antiferromagnetic or weak ferromagnetic behavior depending on particle size and structure.
* **Gas Sensing:** Sensitive to various gases (like CO, NO2, H2) due to surface reactions altering conductivity.
* **Thermal Stability:** Generally stable at high temperatures.
**Synthesis Methods:**
* Chemical Precipitation
* Sol-Gel Processing
* Hydrothermal/Solvothermal Synthesis
* Thermal Decomposition
* Spray Pyrolysis
* Electrochemical Methods
**Primary Applications:**
1. **Electrodes:** Cathode material in Ni-based batteries (Ni-Cd, Ni-MH), supercapacitors.
2. **Catalysts:** Oxidation catalysis, steam reforming, photocatalysis for environmental cleanup.
3. **Gas Sensors:** Detection of toxic and combustible gases.
4. **Electrochromic Devices:** Smart windows, displays.
5. **Magnetic Materials:** Components in data storage, ferrofluids.
6. **Ceramic Pigments:** Colorants (often black/grey).
7. **Electronic Devices:** Potential in transistors, varistors.
8. **Antimicrobial Coatings:** Limited but researched use.
**Safety & Handling:**
* **Toxicity:** Nickel oxide nanoparticles are considered hazardous. Inhalation is the primary exposure risk. Classified as carcinogenic (Category 1B) and mutagenic (Category 2) under EU CLP. Handle with extreme caution.
* **PPE:** Essential to use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE): NIOSH-approved respirator (N95 minimum, often higher required), nitrile gloves, lab coat, safety goggles.
(nickel oxide nanopowder)
* **Environment:** Work within a certified fume hood or glove box. Avoid generating dust. Store sealed in clearly labeled, appropriate containers. Follow strict disposal regulations for hazardous nanomaterials.
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