Nickel monoxide NiO is a significant inorganic compound. It appears as a green to black crystalline solid. Its chemical formula is NiO. This oxide is a key starting material for many nickel compounds and materials. NiO possesses several notable properties. It is an antiferromagnetic material below its Neel temperature of approximately 523 K. It exhibits p-type semiconducting behavior with a relatively wide band gap around 3.6-4.0 eV. Its electrical resistivity decreases with increasing temperature. NiO is generally stable in air but can dissolve in acids forming nickel salts. It is insoluble in water and alkalis. NiO is non-stoichiometric meaning its composition can deviate slightly from Ni1O1 often being nickel-deficient. Industrially NiO is produced primarily by heating nickel metal powder above 400°C in air or by thermal decomposition of nickel carbonate or nickel hydroxide at high temperatures. Precipitation from nickel salt solutions using alkalis is another common method followed by calcination. Nickel monoxide finds widespread applications. It serves as a crucial precursor in manufacturing nickel steel alloys and other nickel-based alloys. It is a vital component in the production of nickel salts for electroplating baths. NiO is a major active material in the positive electrodes cathodes of nickel-based rechargeable batteries like NiCd and NiMH. It acts as a catalyst in various chemical processes including hydrogenation reactions and the oxidation of organic compounds. In the ceramics industry NiO is used as a pigment providing green black or gray colors to glasses and ceramic glazes frits and enamels. It is also employed in the production of ferrites. Handling NiO requires caution. It is considered a carcinogen by inhalation exposure routes. Nickel monoxide dust can cause respiratory irritation. Chronic inhalation exposure is linked to increased risk of lung and nasal cancers. It can also cause skin sensitization dermatitis and allergic reactions nickel itch in susceptible individuals. Proper engineering controls ventilation and personal protective equipment PPE like respirators and gloves are essential when working with NiO powder. Avoid generating dust. Store in a tightly closed container in a cool dry well-ventilated place away from incompatible materials.

(nickel monoxide)

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