Tungsten trioxide (WO3) is an inorganic compound, a yellow crystalline solid insoluble in water. Primarily known as an n-type semiconductor, its unique properties drive diverse technological applications. A key characteristic is its electrochromism. Applying a small voltage and ions (like lithium) causes WO3 to reversibly change color, typically from pale yellow to deep blue. This makes it the active material in smart windows, dynamically controlling light and heat transmission in buildings for energy efficiency. It’s also vital in anti-glare rearview mirrors. WO3 exhibits photocatalytic activity under visible light. It can degrade organic pollutants in water and air, offering potential for environmental remediation. Its band gap allows absorption of a portion of the solar spectrum. Furthermore, WO3 is highly sensitive to certain gases. Changes in its electrical resistance upon exposure make it a crucial component in gas sensors, particularly for detecting nitrogen oxides (NOx), ammonia (NH3), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), important for air quality monitoring and safety. It also serves as a catalyst or catalyst support in various chemical reactions, including petroleum refining and oxidation processes. Its stability, non-toxicity, and tunable properties (via doping or nanostructuring) continue to fuel research. Tungsten trioxide stands out as a versatile functional material, bridging chemistry, materials science, and engineering to enable smarter, cleaner, and safer technologies.

(tungsten trioxide)

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