Copper nickel oxide represents a significant class of mixed transition metal oxides with versatile properties. Primarily existing in spinel structures like CuNiO₂ or delafossite forms such as CuNiO₂, these compounds exhibit tunable electronic and magnetic characteristics. Their crystal structure allows variable oxidation states, facilitating electron transfer processes essential for functional applications. Typically appearing as dark green to black solids, they possess high thermal stability and semiconducting behavior. Bandgap engineering via copper-to-nickel ratio adjustments enables customization of electrical conductivity, making them responsive to environmental stimuli. Synthesis commonly involves solid-state reactions between copper and nickel precursors at elevated temperatures or solution-based methods like sol-gel processing for nanoparticle fabrication. Precise stoichiometric control during preparation is critical for achieving desired phase purity and performance consistency. Key applications leverage their catalytic prowess, particularly in electrochemical water splitting for hydrogen production and carbon dioxide reduction. They serve as efficient, low-cost alternatives to precious metal catalysts in fuel cells and batteries. Their sensitivity to gases like methane and carbon monoxide underpins use in chemiresistive sensors. Emerging roles include electrode materials in supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries due to excellent redox activity. Research increasingly focuses on photovoltaic integrations and thermoelectric devices, exploiting their narrow bandgaps and thermal response. The sustainable nature and abundance of constituent metals further drive interest in copper nickel oxides for next-generation energy technologies, positioning them as pivotal materials in renewable energy transitions and environmental remediation systems. Ongoing studies aim to optimize nanostructuring for enhanced surface reactivity and durability.

(copper nickel oxide)

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