Lanthanum Nickel Oxide, typically denoted as LaNiO3, is a fascinating and widely studied perovskite oxide material. Its crystal structure consists of corner-sharing NiO6 octahedra, with lanthanum ions occupying the larger A-sites. This arrangement underpins many of its desirable properties. It belongs to the family of rare-earth nickelates.
(lanthanum nickel oxide)
A key characteristic of LaNiO3 is its metallic conductivity at room temperature. Unlike many oxides that are insulators, LaNiO3 exhibits good electrical conductivity, making it highly valuable. This conductivity arises from the partially filled Ni 3d orbitals and the specific overlap within the perovskite lattice. It often serves as a conductive electrode material in oxide electronics.
Furthermore, LaNiO3 demonstrates significant catalytic activity, particularly for reactions like the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). These reactions are crucial for electrochemical energy conversion and storage technologies, such as fuel cells and metal-air batteries. Its ability to facilitate these reactions efficiently makes it a promising candidate for next-generation catalysts.
The material also shows interesting magnetic properties, exhibiting paramagnetic behavior at room temperature. Upon cooling, it undergoes a magnetic transition, though the exact nature (paramagnetic to antiferromagnetic or spin-glass) can be sensitive to synthesis conditions and stoichiometry. Precise control over oxygen content is critical for tuning its electronic and magnetic states.
(lanthanum nickel oxide)
Due to its structural similarity, LaNiO3 is frequently used as a template or buffer layer for growing other complex oxide thin films with desired properties. Its metallic nature and good lattice matching facilitate the epitaxial growth of various functional oxides. Research continues into optimizing its synthesis, understanding its surface chemistry, and exploiting its properties in solid oxide fuel cell cathodes, supercapacitors, sensors, and spintronic devices. It remains a cornerstone material in oxide research.
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