Nickel(II) Oxide: Quick Reference

(nickel 2 oxide)

Formula: NiO. Common Names: Nickel monoxide, Nickelous oxide. CAS Number: 1313-99-1. Appearance: Green to black crystalline solid. Odor: Odorless. Density: ~6.67 g/cm³. Melting Point: High, approximately 1955°C. Solubility: Insoluble in water; soluble in acids and ammonium hydroxide. Key Properties: Basic oxide. Exhibits semiconductor properties (p-type). Antiferromagnetic below ~523 K (Néel temperature). Thermally stable but decomposes to nickel and oxygen above very high temperatures. Readily reacts with acids forming nickel(II) salts. Can be reduced by hydrogen or carbon monoxide to metallic nickel.

Production: Primarily via thermal decomposition of nickel(II) compounds like carbonate (NiCO3 → NiO + CO2) or hydroxide (Ni(OH)2 → NiO + H2O). Also produced by roasting nickel sulfide ores or nickel matte in air. Calcination in controlled atmospheres controls particle size and properties.

Applications: Major component in nickel-iron batteries (Edison cell) as the active cathode material. Important catalyst in various chemical processes, including hydrogenation reactions and methane reforming. Used in the production of nickel salts and nickel catalysts. Finds use in ceramics and glass manufacturing to impart green/black colors. Semiconductor research applications. Used in some ferrite materials.

(nickel 2 oxide)

Safety & Handling: Handle as a carcinogen (suspected human carcinogen, IARC Group 2B). Inhalation hazard; can cause respiratory irritation and potential long-term lung damage. Skin contact may cause irritation. Avoid dust formation. Use appropriate PPE (gloves, respirator, eye protection). Store in a cool, dry place. Dispose of according to local hazardous waste regulations. NFPA Health: 2, Flammability: 0, Instability: 0.
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