Nickel(III) Oxide Bookmark: Key Facts
(nickel iii oxide)
Chemical Formula: Ni2O3. This defines nickel(III) oxide, distinguishing it from other nickel oxides like NiO (nickel(II) oxide).
Appearance: Typically presents as a dark gray to black solid powder. Its color is a key visual identifier.
Stability: Nickel(III) oxide is relatively unstable under ambient conditions. It readily decomposes, especially upon heating, losing oxygen to form the more stable nickel(II) oxide (NiO). This decomposition limits its handling and storage.
Synthesis: Often produced by carefully heating nickel(II) nitrate hexahydrate (Ni(NO3)2·6H2O) to moderate temperatures (around 250-400°C). Precise temperature control is crucial to obtain Ni2O3 before further decomposition occurs.
Primary Applications: Its main historical and practical significance lies in electrochemistry.
* **Batteries:** It served as a key active material in the positive electrodes of older nickel-iron (Edison) and nickel-cadmium (NiCd) rechargeable batteries. Here, it undergoes reversible reduction to nickel(II) oxide during discharge. While newer chemistries exist, understanding Ni2O3 remains relevant for these systems.
* **Electrodes:** Used in the preparation of certain nickel-based electrodes for industrial electrochemical processes.
Chemical Behavior: Acts as a strong oxidizing agent due to the Ni3+ ion’s tendency to gain electrons and reduce to Ni2+. This reactivity underpins its role in batteries but also necessitates careful handling.
Safety: Handle with significant caution. Nickel(III) oxide is considered hazardous. It is harmful if swallowed or inhaled (lung irritant). Skin and eye contact should be avoided. It may also cause skin sensitization (allergic reactions). Appropriate personal protective equipment (gloves, goggles, respirator) and safe laboratory practices are essential. Refer to the specific Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for detailed handling and disposal procedures.
(nickel iii oxide)
Key Takeaway: Primarily known for its role as an oxidizing cathode material in nickel-based batteries, nickel(III) oxide is a chemically unstable, reactive compound requiring careful synthesis and strict safety protocols during use.
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